Quy định về thành lập công ty tại Đức cho cá nhân, doanh nghiệp của Việt Nam
Du học nghề Đức
Du học nghề Đức
Bài viết dưới đây do Giáo sư Fabian Sosa, thành viên hiệp hội luật sư trẻ quốc tế (AIJA), giáo sư ngành luật kinh doanh trường đại học khoa học ứng dụng kinh tế và quản lý FOM của Đức, đại diện của Vogel tại Đức cho về các vấn đề luật đầu tư, đầu tư định cư......viết riêng cho khách hàng của Vogel tại Việt Nam, đang quan tâm đến các chương trình liên quan đến việc mở một văn phòng đại diện tại Đức, mở công ty tại Đức......
Bài viết cũng cung cấp các thông tin về quy định, điều khoản, các điều kiện cụ thể dành cho doanh nghiệp Vn đang muốn mở công ty/đầu tư tại Đức.
Để giữ nguyên nội dung tinh thần giáo sư Fabian Sosa muốn truyền tải, Vogel sẽ để bài viết dưới dạng tiếng anh mà không dịch sang tiếng việt.
INVESTMENT IN
GERMANY
Prof. Dr. Fabian Sosa, LL.M. Eur.
Partner, Peltzer Suhren
Rechtsanwälte
Professor for Business Law at FOM
Hochschule für Oekonomie und
Management
1) BUSINESS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND GERMANY/EU
- Globalization and growing together of economic areas are a well known
phenomenons
- Commercial relations between companies form VIETNAM and GERMANY/European
Union have gained enormous importance in the last years.
- Different possibilities to establish business relationships:
- Trade fairs (HANNOVER MESSE, largest industrial fair, CEBIT, ANUGA etc.)
- Business Delegations etc.
- In past years Vietnamese companies have established longterm business
relationships with German partners, i.e.
- Suppliers
- Distributors
- Purchase or Sales Agents
- Often investors decide to open a subsidiary company in Germany/EU to
promote business and create visibility on German/EU market. Typical form is a
GmbH (German Ltd. Company)
- Long-term visa (6 month – 5 years) or residence permits are
required to operate the German/EU business
- Importance of long-term business relationships for realization
of cross-border transactions
- Short- and long-term economic factors
- Trust
- Personal relationships between managers
- Communication skills
- Language skills
- Cultural understanding
- Etc
- In order to create stable structures legal support is
required
- Preparation of Contracts
- Company Foundation /Purchase of shares
- General consultancy in Commercial law, Company law, Labour Law etc.
- Assistance in negotiations
- Communication with authorities
- Dispute settlement
- Residence permit issues
2) SALES CONTRACTS
- First step in new established business relationship: individual transactions
- Standard contracts
- Companies often do not make use of contracts or draft faulty contracts
- In the following text some key points will be discussed
Specification of the product and price
- Content of clause depends on product
- Simple products (food products): short description of products
- More complex products (machines etc.): Detailed description of products, plans, designs, drawings, etc.
- Price: Specification in a spot market transaction not problematic
Payment Security
- Classical forms of protection (retention of title, personal guarantee,
transfer of ownership) are often ineffective in international commerce
- Other means of securitization in international commerce:
- Advance payment
- Bank guarantee
- Letter of credit
- Export insurance
Conditions of delivery, Delivery date
- Modes of transport, transport insurance, transport costs, place of
delivery, tisk transfer, customs import and export
- For regulation of these aspects INCOTERMS are widely accepted in
international commerce
- Use of INCOTERMS is highly recommended
Warranty
- Second central aspect in the drafting of delivery contracts is the
structuring of breachs of obligations:
- Delay of payment, delay of delivery, warranty
- Typical content of warranty clauses:
- Duty to inspect the goods, duty to give notice to seller specifying defects, renegotiation, storage, maintenance, rectification of defects, subsitute delivery, price reduction, right to declare the contract avoided, exclusion of warranty, contractual penalties, Force-Majeure-clauses
Applicable Law
- Central point of discussion in cross-border transactions
- Parties assume that choice of law in their home country provides
important advantage, however business partner is confronted with an unknown
legal order
- Detailed contractual regulation in international contracts
recommended
- Convention on the international sales of goods from 11 April 1980,
ratified by 89 Staates, Germany: 01 January 1991
- Vietnam has ratified CISG!
Jurisdiction / Arbitration
- Litigation in cases of cross-border transactions is less
frequent than in the national context. Parties are confronted with several
problems:
- Legal aspects
- Practical problems
- Companies are confronted with two legal systems
- Enforcement in a foreign country
- Enforcement in home country and execution of title in foreign country
- In both cases: foreign legal and judicial system, foreign language, additional
- Cost and time expense
- Unpredictability of decisions
Arbitration
- National an international arbitration courts
- Arbitration Court of International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
- Other institutionalized arbitration courts
- Deutsche Institution für Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit e.V. (DIS)
- Arbitration Court of Vietnamese Chamber of Commerce
3) DISTRIBUTION PARTNERS IN GERMANY
Distribution Partners
- Commercial agents / Distributor / Franchising
- Commercial agent intermediates transactions between manufacturer and
customer in the manufacturer’s name and for its account
- Distributor purchases products of manufacturer and resells them in its
own name and for its own account to third parties
- Franchisee sells goods or offers services in its own name and for its
own account. In contrast to distributor Franchisee is far more integrated into
the organizational and distribution structure of
the Franchisor
........................
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